errorbar(x, y, yerr, xerr)

见errorbar。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.style.use('_mpl-gallery')

# make data:
np.random.seed(1)
x = [2, 4, 6]
y = [3.6, 5, 4.2]
yerr = [0.9, 1.2, 0.5]

# plot:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

ax.errorbar(x, y, yerr, fmt='o', linewidth=2, capsize=6)

ax.set(xlim=(0, 8), xticks=np.arange(1, 8),
       ylim=(0, 8), yticks=np.arange(1, 8))

plt.show()