十字光标#

此示例添加一个十字准线作为数据游标。十字准线被实现为在鼠标移动时更新的常规线对象。

我们展示了三种实现：

一个简单的光标实现，在每次鼠标移动时重绘图形。这有点慢，您可能会注意到十字准线移动的一些滞后。
使用 blitting 加速渲染的光标。
捕捉到数据点的光标。

使用本机 GUI 绘图可以更快地进行光标，如在 WX 中添加光标。

mpldatacursor和mplcursors 第三方包可以用来达到类似的效果。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


class Cursor:
    """
    A cross hair cursor.
    """
    def __init__(self, ax):
        self.ax = ax
        self.horizontal_line = ax.axhline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        self.vertical_line = ax.axvline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        # text location in axes coordinates
        self.text = ax.text(0.72, 0.9, '', transform=ax.transAxes)

    def set_cross_hair_visible(self, visible):
        need_redraw = self.horizontal_line.get_visible() != visible
        self.horizontal_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.vertical_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.text.set_visible(visible)
        return need_redraw

    def on_mouse_move(self, event):
        if not event.inaxes:
            need_redraw = self.set_cross_hair_visible(False)
            if need_redraw:
                self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
        else:
            self.set_cross_hair_visible(True)
            x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
            # update the line positions
            self.horizontal_line.set_ydata(y)
            self.vertical_line.set_xdata(x)
            self.text.set_text('x=%1.2f, y=%1.2f' % (x, y))
            self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()


x = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
y = np.sin(2 * 2 * np.pi * x)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_title('Simple cursor')
ax.plot(x, y, 'o')
cursor = Cursor(ax)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', cursor.on_mouse_move)

使用 blitting 更快地重绘

该技术将渲染图存储为背景图像。只有改变的艺术家（十字线和文本）被重新渲染。它们使用 blitting 与背景相结合。

这种技术明显更快。它需要更多设置，因为必须在没有十字线的情况下存储背景（请参阅参考资料 create_new_background()）。此外，每当图形发生变化时，都必须创建一个新的背景。这是通过连接到 'draw_event'.

class BlittedCursor:
    """
    A cross hair cursor using blitting for faster redraw.
    """
    def __init__(self, ax):
        self.ax = ax
        self.background = None
        self.horizontal_line = ax.axhline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        self.vertical_line = ax.axvline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        # text location in axes coordinates
        self.text = ax.text(0.72, 0.9, '', transform=ax.transAxes)
        self._creating_background = False
        ax.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', self.on_draw)

    def on_draw(self, event):
        self.create_new_background()

    def set_cross_hair_visible(self, visible):
        need_redraw = self.horizontal_line.get_visible() != visible
        self.horizontal_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.vertical_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.text.set_visible(visible)
        return need_redraw

    def create_new_background(self):
        if self._creating_background:
            # discard calls triggered from within this function
            return
        self._creating_background = True
        self.set_cross_hair_visible(False)
        self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
        self.background = self.ax.figure.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax.bbox)
        self.set_cross_hair_visible(True)
        self._creating_background = False

    def on_mouse_move(self, event):
        if self.background is None:
            self.create_new_background()
        if not event.inaxes:
            need_redraw = self.set_cross_hair_visible(False)
            if need_redraw:
                self.ax.figure.canvas.restore_region(self.background)
                self.ax.figure.canvas.blit(self.ax.bbox)
        else:
            self.set_cross_hair_visible(True)
            # update the line positions
            x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
            self.horizontal_line.set_ydata(y)
            self.vertical_line.set_xdata(x)
            self.text.set_text('x=%1.2f, y=%1.2f' % (x, y))

            self.ax.figure.canvas.restore_region(self.background)
            self.ax.draw_artist(self.horizontal_line)
            self.ax.draw_artist(self.vertical_line)
            self.ax.draw_artist(self.text)
            self.ax.figure.canvas.blit(self.ax.bbox)


x = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
y = np.sin(2 * 2 * np.pi * x)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_title('Blitted cursor')
ax.plot(x, y, 'o')
blitted_cursor = BlittedCursor(ax)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', blitted_cursor.on_mouse_move)

捕捉到数据点#

以下光标将其位置捕捉到Line2D 对象的数据点。

为了节省不必要的重绘，最后指示的数据点的索引保存在self._last_index. 只有当鼠标移动得足够远以至于必须选择另一个数据点时才会触发重绘。这减少了由于许多重绘造成的延迟。当然，仍然可以在顶部添加 blitting 以提高速度。

class SnappingCursor:
    """
    A cross hair cursor that snaps to the data point of a line, which is
    closest to the *x* position of the cursor.

    For simplicity, this assumes that *x* values of the data are sorted.
    """
    def __init__(self, ax, line):
        self.ax = ax
        self.horizontal_line = ax.axhline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        self.vertical_line = ax.axvline(color='k', lw=0.8, ls='--')
        self.x, self.y = line.get_data()
        self._last_index = None
        # text location in axes coords
        self.text = ax.text(0.72, 0.9, '', transform=ax.transAxes)

    def set_cross_hair_visible(self, visible):
        need_redraw = self.horizontal_line.get_visible() != visible
        self.horizontal_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.vertical_line.set_visible(visible)
        self.text.set_visible(visible)
        return need_redraw

    def on_mouse_move(self, event):
        if not event.inaxes:
            self._last_index = None
            need_redraw = self.set_cross_hair_visible(False)
            if need_redraw:
                self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
        else:
            self.set_cross_hair_visible(True)
            x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
            index = min(np.searchsorted(self.x, x), len(self.x) - 1)
            if index == self._last_index:
                return  # still on the same data point. Nothing to do.
            self._last_index = index
            x = self.x[index]
            y = self.y[index]
            # update the line positions
            self.horizontal_line.set_ydata(y)
            self.vertical_line.set_xdata(x)
            self.text.set_text('x=%1.2f, y=%1.2f' % (x, y))
            self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()


x = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
y = np.sin(2 * 2 * np.pi * x)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_title('Snapping cursor')
line, = ax.plot(x, y, 'o')
snap_cursor = SnappingCursor(ax, line)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', snap_cursor.on_mouse_move)
plt.show()

脚本总运行时间：（0分1.133秒）

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