箱线图中的艺术家定制

此示例演示如何使用各种关键字参数来完全自定义箱线图。第一个图演示了如何删除和添加单个组件（请注意，平均值是默认情况下唯一未显示的值）。第二个图展示了如何自定义艺术家的风格。它还演示了如何将胡须的限制设置为特定的百分位数（右下轴）

可以在此处找到有关箱线图及其历史的一般参考： https ://vita.had.co.nz/papers/boxplots.pdf

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# fake data
np.random.seed(19680801)
data = np.random.lognormal(size=(37, 4), mean=1.5, sigma=1.75)
labels = list('ABCD')
fs = 10  # fontsize

演示如何切换不同元素的显示：

fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=3, figsize=(6, 6), sharey=True)
axs[0, 0].boxplot(data, labels=labels)
axs[0, 0].set_title('Default', fontsize=fs)

axs[0, 1].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showmeans=True)
axs[0, 1].set_title('showmeans=True', fontsize=fs)

axs[0, 2].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showmeans=True, meanline=True)
axs[0, 2].set_title('showmeans=True,\nmeanline=True', fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 0].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showbox=False, showcaps=False)
tufte_title = 'Tufte Style \n(showbox=False,\nshowcaps=False)'
axs[1, 0].set_title(tufte_title, fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 1].boxplot(data, labels=labels, notch=True, bootstrap=10000)
axs[1, 1].set_title('notch=True,\nbootstrap=10000', fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 2].boxplot(data, labels=labels, showfliers=False)
axs[1, 2].set_title('showfliers=False', fontsize=fs)

for ax in axs.flat:
    ax.set_yscale('log')
    ax.set_yticklabels([])

fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4)
plt.show()

演示如何自定义显示不同的元素：

boxprops = dict(linestyle='--', linewidth=3, color='darkgoldenrod')
flierprops = dict(marker='o', markerfacecolor='green', markersize=12,
                  markeredgecolor='none')
medianprops = dict(linestyle='-.', linewidth=2.5, color='firebrick')
meanpointprops = dict(marker='D', markeredgecolor='black',
                      markerfacecolor='firebrick')
meanlineprops = dict(linestyle='--', linewidth=2.5, color='purple')

fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=3, figsize=(6, 6), sharey=True)
axs[0, 0].boxplot(data, boxprops=boxprops)
axs[0, 0].set_title('Custom boxprops', fontsize=fs)

axs[0, 1].boxplot(data, flierprops=flierprops, medianprops=medianprops)
axs[0, 1].set_title('Custom medianprops\nand flierprops', fontsize=fs)

axs[0, 2].boxplot(data, whis=(0, 100))
axs[0, 2].set_title('whis=(0, 100)', fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 0].boxplot(data, meanprops=meanpointprops, meanline=False,
                  showmeans=True)
axs[1, 0].set_title('Custom mean\nas point', fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 1].boxplot(data, meanprops=meanlineprops, meanline=True,
                  showmeans=True)
axs[1, 1].set_title('Custom mean\nas line', fontsize=fs)

axs[1, 2].boxplot(data, whis=[15, 85])
axs[1, 2].set_title('whis=[15, 85]\n#percentiles', fontsize=fs)

for ax in axs.flat:
    ax.set_yscale('log')
    ax.set_yticklabels([])

fig.suptitle("I never said they'd be pretty")
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.4)
plt.show()

参考

此示例中显示了以下函数、方法、类和模块的使用：

• matplotlib.axes.Axes.boxplot/matplotlib.pyplot.boxplot