轴方向

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist


def setup_axes(fig, pos):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(pos, axes_class=axisartist.Axes)

    ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.5)
    ax.set_yticks([0, 1])

    ax.axis[:].set_visible(False)

    ax.axis["x"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.5)
    ax.axis["x"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)

    return ax


plt.rcParams.update({
    "axes.titlesize": "medium",
    "axes.titley": 1.1,
})

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.1, top=0.9, left=0.05, right=0.95)

ax1 = setup_axes(fig, 251)
ax1.axis["x"].set_axis_direction("left")

ax2 = setup_axes(fig, 252)
ax2.axis["x"].label.set_text("Label")
ax2.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax2.axis["x"].set_axislabel_direction("+")
ax2.set_title("label direction=$+$")

ax3 = setup_axes(fig, 253)
ax3.axis["x"].label.set_text("Label")
ax3.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax3.axis["x"].set_axislabel_direction("-")
ax3.set_title("label direction=$-$")

ax4 = setup_axes(fig, 254)
ax4.axis["x"].set_ticklabel_direction("+")
ax4.set_title("ticklabel direction=$+$")

ax5 = setup_axes(fig, 255)
ax5.axis["x"].set_ticklabel_direction("-")
ax5.set_title("ticklabel direction=$-$")

ax7 = setup_axes(fig, 257)
ax7.axis["x"].label.set_text("rotation=10")
ax7.axis["x"].label.set_rotation(10)
ax7.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)

ax8 = setup_axes(fig, 258)
ax8.axis["x"].set_axislabel_direction("-")
ax8.axis["x"].label.set_text("rotation=10")
ax8.axis["x"].label.set_rotation(10)
ax8.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)

plt.show()