设置和获取属性

pyplot 接口允许您分别使用setp和getp设置和获取对象属性，以及对对象进行自省。

用setp

要将线条的线条样式设置为虚线，请使用setp：

>>> line, = plt.plot([1, 2, 3])
>>> plt.setp(line, linestyle='--')

如果你想知道参数的有效类型，你可以提供你想设置的属性的名称，而不需要值：

>>> plt.setp(line, 'linestyle')
    linestyle: {'-', '--', '-.', ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq), ...}

如果您想查看所有可以设置的属性及其可能的值，您可以执行以下操作：

>>> plt.setp(line)

setp对单个实例或实例列表进行操作。如果您在查询模式下自省可能的值，则仅使用序列中的第一个实例。实际设置值时，将设置所有实例。例如，假设您有一个包含两行的列表，以下内容将使两行都变粗并变红：

>>> x = np.arange(0, 1, 0.01)
>>> y1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*x)
>>> y2 = np.sin(4*np.pi*x)
>>> lines = plt.plot(x, y1, x, y2)
>>> plt.setp(lines, linewidth=2, color='r')

与getp

getp返回给定属性的值。您可以使用它来查询单个属性的值：

>>> plt.getp(line, 'linewidth')
    0.5

或所有属性/值对：

>>> plt.getp(line)
    aa = True
    alpha = 1.0
    antialiased = True
    c = b
    clip_on = True
    color = b
    ... long listing skipped ...

别名

为了减少交互模式下的击键次数，许多属性都有短别名，例如，'lw' 代表'linewidth'，'mec' 代表'markeredgecolor'。在自省模式下调用 set 或 get 时，这些属性将被列为“fullname”或“aliasname”。

Line setters
  agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array and two offsets from the bottom left corner of the image
  alpha: scalar or None
  animated: bool
  antialiased or aa: bool
  clip_box: `.Bbox`
  clip_on: bool
  clip_path: Patch or (Path, Transform) or None
  color or c: color
  dash_capstyle: `.CapStyle` or {'butt', 'projecting', 'round'}
  dash_joinstyle: `.JoinStyle` or {'miter', 'round', 'bevel'}
  dashes: sequence of floats (on/off ink in points) or (None, None)
  data: (2, N) array or two 1D arrays
  drawstyle or ds: {'default', 'steps', 'steps-pre', 'steps-mid', 'steps-post'}, default: 'default'
  figure: `.Figure`
  fillstyle: {'full', 'left', 'right', 'bottom', 'top', 'none'}
  gapcolor: color or None
  gid: str
  in_layout: bool
  label: object
  linestyle or ls: {'-', '--', '-.', ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq), ...}
  linewidth or lw: float
  marker: marker style string, `~.path.Path` or `~.markers.MarkerStyle`
  markeredgecolor or mec: color
  markeredgewidth or mew: float
  markerfacecolor or mfc: color
  markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt: color
  markersize or ms: float
  markevery: None or int or (int, int) or slice or list[int] or float or (float, float) or list[bool]
  mouseover: bool
  path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
  picker: float or callable[[Artist, Event], tuple[bool, dict]]
  pickradius: unknown
  rasterized: bool
  sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
  snap: bool or None
  solid_capstyle: `.CapStyle` or {'butt', 'projecting', 'round'}
  solid_joinstyle: `.JoinStyle` or {'miter', 'round', 'bevel'}
  transform: `.Transform`
  url: str
  visible: bool
  xdata: 1D array
  ydata: 1D array
  zorder: float
Line getters
    agg_filter = None
    alpha = None
    animated = False
    antialiased or aa = True
    bbox = Bbox(x0=0.0, y0=-1.0, x1=0.99, y1=1.0)
    children = []
    clip_box = TransformedBbox(     Bbox(x0=0.0, y0=0.0, x1=1.0, ...
    clip_on = True
    clip_path = None
    color or c = r
    dash_capstyle = butt
    dash_joinstyle = round
    data = (array([0.  , 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, ...
    drawstyle or ds = default
    figure = Figure(640x480)
    fillstyle = full
    gapcolor = None
    gid = None
    in_layout = True
    label = _child0
    linestyle or ls = --
    linewidth or lw = 2.0
    marker = None
    markeredgecolor or mec = r
    markeredgewidth or mew = 1.0
    markerfacecolor or mfc = r
    markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt = none
    markersize or ms = 6.0
    markevery = None
    mouseover = False
    path = Path(array([[ 0.00000000e+00,  0.00000000e+00],   ...
    path_effects = []
    picker = None
    pickradius = 5
    rasterized = False
    sketch_params = None
    snap = None
    solid_capstyle = projecting
    solid_joinstyle = round
    tightbbox = Bbox(x0=80.0, y0=52.8, x1=571.04, y1=422.4)
    transform = CompositeGenericTransform(     TransformWrapper(  ...
    transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
    url = None
    visible = True
    window_extent = Bbox(x0=80.0, y0=-316.79999999999995, x1=571.04, y...
    xdata = [0.   0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05]...
    xydata = [[0.         0.        ]  [0.01       0.06279052] ...
    ydata = [0.         0.06279052 0.12533323 0.18738131 0.248...
    zorder = 2
Rectangle setters
  agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array and two offsets from the bottom left corner of the image
  alpha: scalar or None
  angle: unknown
  animated: bool
  antialiased or aa: bool or None
  bounds: (left, bottom, width, height)
  capstyle: `.CapStyle` or {'butt', 'projecting', 'round'}
  clip_box: `.Bbox`
  clip_on: bool
  clip_path: Patch or (Path, Transform) or None
  color: color
  edgecolor or ec: color or None
  facecolor or fc: color or None
  figure: `.Figure`
  fill: bool
  gid: str
  hatch: {'/', '\\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*'}
  height: unknown
  in_layout: bool
  joinstyle: `.JoinStyle` or {'miter', 'round', 'bevel'}
  label: object
  linestyle or ls: {'-', '--', '-.', ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq), ...}
  linewidth or lw: float or None
  mouseover: bool
  path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
  picker: None or bool or float or callable
  rasterized: bool
  sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
  snap: bool or None
  transform: `.Transform`
  url: str
  visible: bool
  width: unknown
  x: unknown
  xy: (float, float)
  y: unknown
  zorder: float
Rectangle getters
    agg_filter = None
    alpha = None
    angle = 0.0
    animated = False
    antialiased or aa = True
    bbox = Bbox(x0=0.0, y0=0.0, x1=1.0, y1=1.0)
    capstyle = butt
    center = [0.5 0.5]
    children = []
    clip_box = None
    clip_on = True
    clip_path = None
    corners = [[0. 0.]  [1. 0.]  [1. 1.]  [0. 1.]]
    data_transform = BboxTransformTo(     TransformedBbox(         Bbox...
    edgecolor or ec = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    extents = Bbox(x0=80.0, y0=52.8, x1=576.0, y1=422.4)
    facecolor or fc = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
    figure = Figure(640x480)
    fill = True
    gid = None
    hatch = None
    height = 1.0
    in_layout = True
    joinstyle = miter
    label =
    linestyle or ls = solid
    linewidth or lw = 0.0
    mouseover = False
    patch_transform = CompositeGenericTransform(     BboxTransformTo(   ...
    path = Path(array([[0., 0.],        [1., 0.],        [1.,...
    path_effects = []
    picker = None
    rasterized = False
    sketch_params = None
    snap = None
    tightbbox = Bbox(x0=80.0, y0=52.8, x1=576.0, y1=422.4)
    transform = CompositeGenericTransform(     CompositeGenericTra...
    transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
    url = None
    verts = [[ 80.   52.8]  [576.   52.8]  [576.  422.4]  [ 80...
    visible = True
    width = 1.0
    window_extent = Bbox(x0=80.0, y0=52.8, x1=576.0, y1=422.4)
    x = 0.0
    xy = (0.0, 0.0)
    y = 0.0
    zorder = 1
Text setters
  agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array and two offsets from the bottom left corner of the image
  alpha: scalar or None
  animated: bool
  backgroundcolor: color
  bbox: dict with properties for `.patches.FancyBboxPatch`
  clip_box: `.Bbox`
  clip_on: bool
  clip_path: Patch or (Path, Transform) or None
  color or c: color
  figure: `.Figure`
  fontfamily or family: {FONTNAME, 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy', 'monospace'}
  fontproperties or font or font_properties: `.font_manager.FontProperties` or `str` or `pathlib.Path`
  fontsize or size: float or {'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large'}
  fontstretch or stretch: {a numeric value in range 0-1000, 'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal', 'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded', 'ultra-expanded'}
  fontstyle or style: {'normal', 'italic', 'oblique'}
  fontvariant or variant: {'normal', 'small-caps'}
  fontweight or weight: {a numeric value in range 0-1000, 'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book', 'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'}
  gid: str
  horizontalalignment or ha: {'left', 'center', 'right'}
  in_layout: bool
  label: object
  linespacing: float (multiple of font size)
  math_fontfamily: str
  mouseover: bool
  multialignment or ma: {'left', 'right', 'center'}
  parse_math: bool
  path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
  picker: None or bool or float or callable
  position: (float, float)
  rasterized: bool
  rotation: float or {'vertical', 'horizontal'}
  rotation_mode: {None, 'default', 'anchor'}
  sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
  snap: bool or None
  text: object
  transform: `.Transform`
  transform_rotates_text: bool
  url: str
  usetex: bool or None
  verticalalignment or va: {'bottom', 'baseline', 'center', 'center_baseline', 'top'}
  visible: bool
  wrap: bool
  x: float
  y: float
  zorder: float
Text getters
    agg_filter = None
    alpha = None
    animated = False
    bbox_patch = None
    children = []
    clip_box = None
    clip_on = True
    clip_path = None
    color or c = black
    figure = Figure(640x480)
    fontfamily or family = ['sans-serif']
    fontname or name = DejaVu Sans
    fontproperties or font or font_properties = sans\-serif:style=normal:variant=normal:weight=nor...
    fontsize or size = 12.0
    fontstyle or style = normal
    fontvariant or variant = normal
    fontweight or weight = normal
    gid = None
    horizontalalignment or ha = center
    in_layout = True
    label =
    math_fontfamily = dejavusans
    mouseover = False
    parse_math = True
    path_effects = []
    picker = None
    position = (0.5, 1.0)
    rasterized = False
    rotation = 0.0
    rotation_mode = None
    sketch_params = None
    snap = None
    stretch = normal
    text = Hi mom
    tightbbox = Bbox(x0=295.5, y0=426.7333333333333, x1=360.5, y1=...
    transform = CompositeGenericTransform(     BboxTransformTo(   ...
    transform_rotates_text = False
    transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)
    unitless_position = (0.5, 1.0)
    url = None
    usetex = False
    verticalalignment or va = baseline
    visible = True
    window_extent = Bbox(x0=295.5, y0=426.7333333333333, x1=360.5, y1=...
    wrap = False
    zorder = 3

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


x = np.arange(0, 1.0, 0.01)
y1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*x)
y2 = np.sin(4*np.pi*x)
lines = plt.plot(x, y1, x, y2)
l1, l2 = lines
plt.setp(lines, linestyle='--')       # set both to dashed
plt.setp(l1, linewidth=2, color='r')  # line1 is thick and red
plt.setp(l2, linewidth=1, color='g')  # line2 is thinner and green


print('Line setters')
plt.setp(l1)
print('Line getters')
plt.getp(l1)

print('Rectangle setters')
plt.setp(plt.gca().patch)
print('Rectangle getters')
plt.getp(plt.gca().patch)

t = plt.title('Hi mom')
print('Text setters')
plt.setp(t)
print('Text getters')
plt.getp(t)

plt.show()